Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) Alloy Steel Tubing Materials Science In-Depth

Chapter 1: Introduction – Definition, Historical Status and Core Value of Industrial Pure Nickel

1.1 The contemporary significance of industrial pure nickel and the birth of Nickel 200

In today’s highly specialized and environmentally demanding industrial production, material performance requirements extend beyond basic mechanical strength. Ordinary metals often struggle to meet the demands of intense chemical corrosion, specialized electrical and thermal requirements, and demanding product purity standards. It is against this backdrop that nickel-based alloys, particularly Nickel 200 (UNS N02200), known as “industrially pure nickel,” have become indispensable cornerstone materials in countless critical industrial processes due to their unique combination of high chemical purity and exceptional performance.

Nickel 200 is not new; its history dates back to the 1930s, when it was initially developed by the renowned International Nickel Company (Inco) and known as “Commercially Pure Nickel.” It represents one of the highest purity nickel alloys commercially available, typically requiring a nickel content of at least 0.0%. This exceptional purity imparts a unique set of physical and chemical properties, particularly its unparalleled resistance to corrosion in highly alkaline and caustic media, securing its unshakable position in the harsh chemical industry.

Our company specializes in the research, development, and manufacturing of Nickel 200 / UNS N02200 nickel alloy tubing. As a critical form of fluid transmission, heat exchange, and structural support, tubing’s quality directly determines the reliability and service life of the entire system. We understand that manufacturing a qualified Nickel 200 tubing is more than just simple metal forming; it is a systematic engineering process involving metallurgy, precision machining, non-destructive testing, and rigorous quality control. This reflects a deep understanding of materials science and an unparalleled commitment to manufacturing processes. We provide more than just metal tubing; we demonstrate a long-term commitment to industrial production continuity, product purity, and safety.

1.2 Key Technical Differences and Temperature Limits between Nickel 200 and Nickel 201

Before delving into the details of Nickel 200’s performance, it’s important to understand the key differences between it and its lower carbon sibling, Nickel 201 (UNS N02201). This is a crucial technical demarcation point in nickel alloy selection:

• Nickel 200 (UNS N02200): Carbon content up to 0.15% .

• Nickel 201 (UNS N02201): Carbon content is strictly controlled below 0.02% .

This seemingly minor difference in carbon content leads to significant differences in performance and application: Nickel 200 may undergo graphitization or sensitization upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 315∘C ( 600∘F ), leading to carbide precipitation at grain boundaries and increased susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. Therefore, Nickel 200 is primarily recommended by metallurgical engineers for industrial environments below 315∘C . Nickel 201, a low-carbon version designed to overcome this high-temperature sensitization issue, is suitable for demanding environments above 315∘C , ensuring the material maintains its corrosion integrity even at high operating temperatures. As a professional pipe manufacturer, we strictly control the chemical composition of raw materials during production and can flexibly provide Nickel 200 or Nickel 201 products based on customers’ specific operating temperature requirements, ensuring scientific and appropriate material selection.

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Chapter 2: Nickel 200 Alloy Materials Science In-Depth: The Logic of Purity and Performance

2.1 Chemical Composition: Purity – the Cornerstone of Performance

The core value of Nickel 200 lies in its chemical purity. This high-purity nickel matrix not only ensures excellent corrosion resistance but also provides unique functional physical properties, such as high electrical conductivity and ferromagnetism. The following table details the key chemical composition requirements specified in the UNS N02200 standard (using ASTM B163/B161 as a reference), which serve as the benchmark that our company must strictly adhere to in pipe production:

Element ( Element )	UNS N02200 standard ( ASTM B163/B161 ) maximum content (%)	Significance and Impact ( Significance )
Nickel ( Ni ) + Cobalt ( Co )	Min. 99.00	Ensures key corrosion resistance, high ductility, electrical conductivity and magnetostrictive properties.
Carbon ( C )	Max. 0.15	Affects intergranular corrosion sensitivity (sensitization) at high temperatures. Be cautious when the value is higher than this value. This is the key to distinguishing Ni200 from Ni201 .
Copper ( Cu )	Max. 0.25	Strictly control so as not to affect the stability of pure nickel in caustic soda solution.
Iron ( Fe )	Max. 0.40	Impurity elements that affect purity, conductivity, and magnetism. High Fe content reduces conductivity.
Manganese ( Mn )	Max. 0.35	Common deoxidizer, content is controlled to maintain purity, affecting welding performance.
Silicon ( Si )	Max. 0.35	Common deoxidizer, too high will reduce ductility.
Sulfur ( S )	Max. 0.01	Sulfides can seriously affect high temperature toughness, weldability and corrosion, and can easily lead to hot brittleness.
Others	Max. 0.10	Comprehensive impurity control ensures overall high purity.

Table 1: Chemical composition requirements for Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) alloy pipe

2.2 Physical properties: the cornerstone of functional applications

the physical properties of high-purity nickel alloys make them unique in many areas, particularly in power transmission and thermodynamics. Nickel 200 is ferromagnetic (below the Curie temperature, approximately 0.0000°C) and possesses very high thermal and electrical conductivity, advantages not found in most other nickel-based alloys.

Physical properties ( Physical Property )	Value ( Typical Value )	Unit ( Unit )	Notes ( Notes )
Density ( Density )	8.89	g/cm3	It is relatively heavy, reflecting the high-density packing of nickel atoms.
Melting range ( Melting Range )	1435−1446	∘C	The higher melting point gives it good thermal stability, which is beneficial for high temperature applications.
Curie temperature ( Curie Temperature )	360	∘C	Below this temperature it becomes ferromagnetic, and above this temperature it becomes paramagnetic.
Coefficient of thermal expansion ( Thermal Expansion )	13.3×10−6	K−1	20∘C−100∘C Average value. Pay attention to thermal matching with other connecting materials.
Thermal conductivity ( Thermal Conductivity )	70.2	W/(m⋅K)	The value below 21∘C is better than stainless steel and many nickel-chromium alloys, which is conducive to heat exchange.
Conductivity ( Electrical Conductivity )	≈15−20	% IACS	The conductivity is much higher than most nickel alloys (such as Inconel series) and close to that of copper, making it suitable for electronic applications.
Elastic modulus ( Modulus of Elasticity )	205	GPa	Reflects the stiffness of the material, which is equivalent to steel.

Table 2: Typical physical properties of Nickel 200 alloy tubing

High electrical conductivity is the primary reason Nickel 200 is so popular in the battery industry and electronic component manufacturing. In these precision applications, where extremely low electrical resistance is crucial, the tubing serves not only as a structural component but also as an efficient current transmission channel.

2.3 Mechanical properties: cold working and customization of final state

As a commercially pure nickel, Nickel 200 exhibits excellent ductility and good cold workability, making it easy to perform precision cold drawing and cold rolling, which is crucial for manufacturing thin-walled, high-precision tubes. The ultimate mechanical properties of the tubes are largely determined by their final heat treatment state (e.g., annealed or cold-drawn).

The following table lists the general mechanical properties of Nickel 200 tubes in the annealed state. These properties are key parameters that must be verified by tensile testing in our quality control system:

Mechanical properties ( Mechanical Property )	Typical value of annealed state ( Annealed )	Unit ( Unit )	ASTM B163 minimum requirements ( Min. )
Tensile strength ( Tensile Strength )	400−550	MPa	380
Yield Strength ( Yield Strength ) ( 0.2% Offset)	105−200	MPa	105
Elongation ( Elongation )	45−60	%	35
Rockwell hardness ( Rockwell Hardness )	60−75	HRB	–

Table 3: Mechanical properties of Nickel 200 alloy tube (annealed)

By precisely controlling the amount of cold working and subsequent annealing, we can customize tubes to various tempers ( Temper ). For example, cold drawing significantly increases yield strength (up to 450MPa or higher), but with a corresponding loss of ductility, making it suitable for applications requiring higher structural strength. This ability to precisely control final mechanical properties demonstrates our deep expertise in tube manufacturing.

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Chapter 3: In-depth analysis of Nickel 200’s excellent corrosion resistance

3.1 “The King of Corrosion Prevention” in Caustic Media: Core Competitiveness

Nickel 200’s reputation as the “King of Corrosion Protection” stems primarily from its unparalleled corrosion resistance in **caustic alkali ( Caustic Alkalis ) ** environments. Caustic alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) and potassium hydroxide ( KOH ), are extremely aggressive to most stainless steels and nickel-chromium-iron alloys, even at high temperatures and concentrations.

Nickel 200’s corrosion resistance mechanism: A thin, dense, and highly stable passive oxide film ( NiO ) rapidly forms on the nickel surface. This film is extremely chemically inert in strong alkaline solutions, effectively isolating the metal substrate from the corrosive medium, providing excellent protection. The stability of this passive film is key to Nickel 200’s superiority over other alloys.

• Caustic Soda ( NaOH ) Applications: Nickel 200 exhibits excellent performance in nearly all concentrations and temperatures of NaOH solutions. In the chlor-alkali industry, it is the preferred and standard material for caustic soda evaporators, preheaters, and storage tanks. Its low corrosion rate ensures long equipment life and prevents metal ion contamination of the final NaOH product.

• Re-emphasis on high temperature limits: Despite excellent performance in caustic soda, the upper temperature limit of Ni200 must be emphasized again. For high temperature caustic environments above 315∘C , we strongly recommend the use of ultra-low carbon Nickel 201 to avoid potential intergranular corrosion risks and ensure long-term service safety.

3.2 Complex performance in acidic environments and aqueous media

Nickel 200’s acid resistance is highly selective and highly sensitive to the oxidation state and temperature of the solution:

1. Reducing acid ( Reducing Acids ):

   • Nickel 200 has some resistance in non-oxidizing, degassed ( De-aerated ) hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) and sulfuric acid ( H2​SO4​ ) solutions.

   • Key conditions: Resistance is highly dependent on the amount of oxygen or oxidants (such as ions, dissolved oxygen) in the solution. Even trace amounts of oxidants can destroy the passive film in a reducing environment, leading to a sharp increase in corrosion rate.

2. Oxidizing acid ( Oxidizing Acids ):

   • Nickel 200 is not suitable for use in strong oxidizing acids such as nitric acid ( HNO3​ ) and concentrated sulfuric acid. In these media, the passive film on the nickel surface cannot effectively resist the strong oxidative attack, resulting in very high corrosion rates. It is usually necessary to choose a nickel-chromium alloy with a higher chromium or molybdenum content (such as the Inconel or Hastelloy series).

3. Aqueous media and saline:

   • It has good corrosion resistance in still or low-speed flowing fresh water and neutral salt water solutions.

   • Limitations of marine environments: In high-velocity seawater, or in stagnant seawater with silt and sediment, the risk of pitting ( Pitting ) and crevice corrosion ( Crevice Corrosion ) increases. For applications requiring higher seawater corrosion resistance, copper-containing Ni-Cu series alloys (such as Monel 400 ) with better chloride ion resistance are often selected.

3.3 Resistance to dry halogen gas and high temperature oxidation

• Dry Halogen Resistance: Nickel 200 exhibits good corrosion resistance in dry halogen gases such as chlorine ( Cl2​ ) and fluorine ( F2​ ) at elevated temperatures. However, this resistance requires the atmosphere to be absolutely dry, as the presence of moisture will significantly accelerate the corrosion reaction.

• High-Temperature Oxidation: In dry, oxidizing atmospheres, Nickel 200 exhibits excellent oxidation resistance, operating up to approximately 0°C. However, the high-temperature resistance of nickel-based materials can be severely compromised by the introduction of sulfides or reducing gases. Nickel reacts with sulfur to form low-melting-point nickel sulfides, which can cause hot shortness.

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Chapter 4: Nickel 200 Tube Precision Manufacturing and Quality Assurance System

4.1 Manufacturing process: from solid billet to high-precision seamless pipe

Our company specializes in manufacturing high-quality Nickel 200 seamless ( Seamless ) and welded ( Welded ) tubing. Seamless tubing is ideal for critical pressure and high-temperature applications due to its superior wall thickness uniformity, increased structural integrity, and pressure-bearing capacity.

4.1.1 Seamless pipe manufacturing process: Cold working is the core art

Manufacturing seamless tubing is a complex, multi-step cold working process that requires extremely high precision control:

1. Raw material preparation and chemical analysis: Use solid round billets ( Billet ) that have been strictly smelted and analyzed and meet UNS N02200 requirements. This is the first step to ensure product purity.

2. Piercing ( Piercing )/Hot Extrusion ( Extrusion ): A solid billet is heated and pierced or extruded to form an initial thick-walled tube.

3. Cold drawing or cold rolling ( Cold Drawing or Cold Rolling ): This is the core step in manufacturing precision Nickel 200 tubing. Through repeated cold drawing/cold rolling cycles, the tubing is gradually reduced in diameter and wall thickness, significantly improving its surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The work hardening introduced by cold working during this process contributes to the tubing’s mechanical strength.

4. Intermediate and final annealing ( Annealing ): Since Nickel 200 rapidly hardens during cold working, intermediate and final annealing is necessary.

   • Purpose of annealing: To restore the ductility of the metal, eliminate internal stress, and enable the pipe to continue processing or reach the final desired softening state.

   • Key requirement: Annealing must be performed in a strictly controlled inert or hydrogen atmosphere (such as bright annealing BA ) to prevent oxidation of the tube surface and keep it clean and high-quality.

5. Finishing and Surface Treatment: After final precision sizing, the pipe is pickled ( Pickling ) or otherwise mechanically/chemically polished to remove all remaining surface oxides and contaminants to achieve the customer’s required surface finish ( Ra value on the inside surface ) .

4.1.2 Welded pipe manufacturing process: high-purity fusion

Welded pipe is manufactured by rolling high-purity Nickel 200 sheet and strip, then fusing the longitudinal seam with high-purity steel using a continuous inert gas shielded welding ( GTAW/TIG ) process. Welding is typically followed by subsequent cold working and annealing to relieve weld stress and improve the geometry and microstructure of the weld area. Welded pipe is suitable for non-high-pressure, non-critical fluid transport applications due to its cost-effectiveness and dimensional flexibility.

4.2 Strict quality control and non-destructive testing ( NDT ) system

For materials like Nickel 200 used in critical and harsh environments, quality control systems are the lifeline for ensuring product reliability. Our quality system strictly adheres to ISO 9001 and meets all requirements of international standards such as ASTM , ASME , and PED .

Detection item ( Inspection Item )	Detection method ( Method )	Quality control purposes ( QC Objective )
chemical composition	Direct reading spectrometer ( Spectroscopy ), wet analysis	Ensuring that impurities such as Ni≥99.0% , C , and Fe meet UNS N02200 standards is the first checkpoint before leaving the factory.
Geometric dimensions	Coordinate measuring machine ( CMM ), precision laser measurement	Strictly control outer diameter ( OD ), wall thickness ( WT ), ovality, straightness and length deviation.
surface defects	Visual inspection ( Visual ), Liquid penetration ( PT )	Check for surface and sub-surface defects such as cracks, scratches, folds, etc. to ensure surface integrity.
Internal defects	Ultrasonic testing ( UT ), Eddy current testing ( ET )	Detect hidden defects such as inclusions, holes, delamination, and incomplete welding inside the pipe to ensure structural soundness.
Pressure integrity	Water pressure test ( Hydrostatic Test ), air pressure test	Verifying the structural integrity and leak-free performance of pipes under specified internal pressure is essential for pressure vessel applications.
Mechanical properties	Tensile test, flattening test, hardness test	Verify tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and ductility for standard and custom requirements.
intergranular corrosion	Intergranular corrosion test ( ASTM A262 Practice C )	It is particularly important to ensure that no sensitization occurs in the heat affected zone of the pipe after annealing or welding.

Table 4: Key quality control and non-destructive testing items for Nickel 200 pipe

We provide a complete material test report ( MTR ) for each batch of pipes, including 3.1 or 3.2 certificates (certified by an independent third-party inspection agency TUV/SGS according to customer requirements), ensuring full traceability from raw materials to final products ( Full Traceability ). This is a serious commitment to our high-end customers around the world.

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Chapter 5: Key Industrial Applications and Economic Considerations of Nickel 200 Tubing

5.1 Chemical and petrochemical industries: the core of caustic soda treatment

 

This is the main and most critical market application area for Nickel 200, which relies on its excellent resistance to caustic soda:

1. Caustic soda (caustic soda) production:

   • Evaporator Tubes: Concentrating the chlor-alkali solution is a core step in the chlor-alkali industry, requiring water to be evaporated at high temperatures. Nickel 200/201 tubing, due to its unmatched corrosion resistance, is widely used in the manufacture of heating and evaporation tubes, ensuring long-term equipment operation and pure products.

   • Heat exchangers and reactors: Pipelines and equipment for conveying and handling other high-concentration alkaline chemicals such as KOH .

2. Organics Processing: In the processing of organic chemicals such as fatty acids, phenol, methanol, as well as in petroleum refining and asphalt desulfurization processes, Nickel 200 can resist the mild corrosion of these media and prevent metal ion contamination of catalysts or final products.

 

5.2 Electronics and Electrical Industry: High Conductivity Value Chain

High electrical conductivity is key to Nickel 200’s performance in electronics, making it a high-performance conductive material:

1. Lithium Battery/Power Connections and Housings: In high-power lithium-ion and nickel-cadmium batteries, Nickel 200 tubing (or its foil) can be used as current leads, battery housings, or internal connectors for reliable current transmission due to its low electrical resistance and good weldability.

2. Electrovacuum Devices and Heating Elements: In electron tubes, cathode ray tubes, and precision resistors, Nickel 200 can be used as a structural support or electron emitting component, taking advantage of its low evaporation rate, high melting point, and good electrical conductivity.

3. Sealing and Encapsulation: Nickel 200’s coefficient of thermal expansion matches that of certain glass and ceramic materials within a certain range, making it a reliable glass-to-metal or ceramic-to-metal seal.

5.3 Food Processing and Pharmaceutical Industries: The Ultimate Pursuit of Purity

 

In industries related to human health, materials must have extremely low corrosion products to prevent trace contamination of products:

1. Food-Grade Equipment: Piping and heat exchangers used to process fatty acids, edible oils, and high-purity water. Nickel 200’s chemical stability ensures the purity of final food and pharmaceutical products, meeting the requirements of relevant standards such as FDA and USP .

2. Pharmaceutical Synthesis: In certain pharmaceutical synthesis, distillation and crystallization processes, Nickel 200 tubing is used in reactors and transfer systems to avoid contamination by metal ions and protect sensitive catalysts.

5.4 Economic Considerations: Advantages of Life Cycle Cost ( TLC )

Although the initial purchase cost of Nickel 200 is significantly higher than standard stainless steel, it offers excellent Total Life Cycle Cost (TLC) advantages in demanding operating conditions:

1. Minimize Downtime: In the caustic soda industry, any unexpected equipment failure due to corrosion can result in costly downtime and lost production. Nickel 200’s exceptionally long service life means plant downtime for repairs and equipment replacement is minimal, delivering economic benefits that far outweigh the initial material cost.

2. Maintaining production efficiency: Excellent thermal conductivity and resistance to fouling, especially in high-concentration evaporators, help maintain efficient heat exchange performance over time, reducing energy consumption and operating costs.

3. Reduce contamination risk: In high-purity industries, a single contamination incident can ruin an entire batch of product, resulting in significant financial losses. Nickel 200 ensures a clean production process and consistent product quality, avoiding hidden costs.

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Chapter 6: Nickel 200 Tube Welding and Fabrication Guide: The Essence of Engineering Practice

The ultimate performance and reliability of a pipe depends not only on the raw material, but also on proper subsequent processing and installation. Nickel 200 has good machinability, but its welding and machining still require adherence to specific metallurgical guidelines.

6.1 Welding Process: Guarantee of High Purity and Integrity

Nickel 200 has good solderability, but strict procedures must be followed to prevent contamination, hot cracking, and high temperature sensitization:

1. Cleanliness ( Cleanliness ): This is the primary principle when welding nickel alloys. Before welding, the pipe surface and grooves must be thoroughly cleaned with a stainless steel wire brush and solvent to remove all oil, scale, paint, and markings (especially low-melting-point crayon markings). Nickel alloys are extremely sensitive to low-melting-point impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus, which can easily cause hot cracking.

2. Welding method: TIG/GTAW (Tungsten Inert Gas Welding) or MIG/GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) are recommended. These methods provide inert gas shielding and minimize oxidation and nitriding of the weld area.

3. Filler material ( Filler Metal ):

   • For Ni200 pipe, the most recommended welding consumables are ERNi−1 (AWS A5.14) or Ni208 . Selecting the right filler consumables is key to ensuring that the weld has matching corrosion resistance and mechanical strength with the parent material.

   • During welding Ni200 , heat input should be minimized and rapid cooling measures should be taken to reduce the time spent in the sensitive temperature range, thereby reducing the potential precipitation of carbides.

4. Stress relief annealing ( Stress Relief Annealing ):

   • If the pipe has been extensively cold worked before welding, or if stress concentrations are present in the weld area, stress relief annealing after welding may be considered. This helps reduce residual tensile stresses, thereby effectively preventing stress corrosion cracking in certain media such as caustic soda ( SCC ).

6.2 Machining and Cold Forming Guidelines

Due to the high ductility and relatively high work hardening rate of Nickel 200, its machining and cold forming require special attention:

1. Machining ( Machining ):

   • Nickel 200 is relatively sticky and tends to stick to the tool, which requires the use of high power, low speed, and high feed cutting parameters.

   • Use sharp, positive rake angle, high-strength carbide tools and use plenty of cutting fluid for adequate cooling and lubrication to remove cutting heat and prevent tool wear and material adhesion.

2. Cold forming ( Cold Forming ):

   • Nickel 200 has very good ductility and is easily susceptible to cold forming operations such as bending, expanding and shrinking.

   • However, due to its rapid work hardening, when large deformation is required (such as U-bends, deep drawing), one or more intermediate annealings may be required during the forming process to restore ductility and avoid cracking of the tube due to overhardening.

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Chapter 7: Metallurgy Extension: Microstructure, Failure Analysis and Ultra-precision Applications

 

 

7.1 Microstructure and Performance Logic of Nickel 200 Alloy

 

From a microscopic perspective, Nickel 200 is a single-phase solid solution with a face-centered cubic ( Face-Centered Cubic, FCC ) crystal structure.

1. FCC structure and ductility: The FCC structure has multiple slip systems ( Slip Systems ), which is the fundamental reason for Nickel 200 ‘s excellent ductility and toughness. It can achieve plastic deformation through dislocation motion at large strains without immediate brittle fracture.

2. Work Hardening Mechanism: Cold working (such as cold drawing) introduces a large number of dislocations ( Dislocations ) into the FCC lattice. These dislocations entangle and block each other, forming dislocation walls, which hinder further plastic flow. This macroscopic manifestation is a significant increase in yield strength and hardness. Therefore, by precisely controlling the amount of cold work and annealing temperature, we can precisely control the final mechanical properties of the tube.

 

7.2 Long-term service performance and failure analysis: preventive maintenance

 

A thorough understanding of the potential failure modes of Nickel 200 is essential to ensure its long-term service reliability:

1. Graphitization and sensitization: This is the primary temperature limitation of Ni200 . If the carbon content is high near 315∘C , carbides will precipitate at the grain boundaries. These carbides deplete the grain boundaries of chromium (although Ni200 contains little chromium, the arrangement of Ni at the grain boundaries is affected by the carbides). This preferentially attacks the grains in certain corrosive media, leading to intergranular corrosion ( Intergranular Corrosion ). Mitigation strategies: Strictly limit use below 315∘C or directly select Nickel 201 .

2. Crevice and Pitting Corrosion: In stagnant chloride- or oxygen-containing aqueous media, deposits or seals on the pipe surface can form crevices, leading to localized differences in oxygen concentration. In these micro-regions, the passive film can be disrupted, leading to crevice corrosion ( Crevice Corrosion ) and pitting corrosion ( Pitting ) . Mitigation Strategies: Ensure fluid flow, avoid deposit accumulation, and minimize crevices in the design.

3. Hydrogen embrittlement ( Hydrogen Embrittlement ): Although pure nickel is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than some high-strength steels, hydrogen atoms may enter the crystal lattice in certain electrochemical or electroplating environments, potentially leading to a decrease in the toughness of the material. Avoidance strategies: Avoid pre-treating high-stress areas in process environments where significant amounts of hydrogen may be generated.

 

7.3 Special applications requiring high precision

 

With ultra-precision cold processing and surface treatment technology, our company is able to provide special pipes beyond standard sizes:

1. Microtubing ( Micro-Tubing ) Technology: Manufactures tubing with diameters less than 1mm and wall thicknesses less than 0.1mm . This requires the use of multi-stage ultra-precision cold drawing techniques and custom diamond molds, while maintaining a purity exceeding 99.0% . Microtubing is widely used in precision sensor protective sleeves, medical implants, and micro heat exchange components.

2. Ultra-high surface finish tubing: Through specialized internal surface finishing processes (such as internal honing and electrolytic polishing EP ), the roughness of the tubing’s inner surface (Ra) is reduced to the nanometer level. This ultra-smooth surface effectively prevents particle retention, microbial adhesion, and scaling in the fluid, meeting the stringent cleanliness requirements of the semiconductor high-purity fluid transmission High-Purity Fluid Delivery ) and biopharmaceutical industries.

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Chapter 8: Standard Compliance, Customized Services and Our Corporate Commitment

 

 

8.1 Compliance with international standards and specifications

 

Our Nickel 200 / UNS N02200 pipes are manufactured to meet the strictest standards and specifications worldwide. Compliance with these standards is not only a prerequisite for market access, but also demonstrates our commitment to product quality.

Specification name ( Standard Name )	Description ( Description )	Applicable product form ( Form )
ASTM B161	Nickel Seamless pipes and tubes ( Seamless Pipe and Tube )	Thick-walled pipe applications with a wide range of sizes
ASTM B163	Nickel Seamless pipes for condensers and heat exchangers ( Seamless Condenser/Heat Exchanger Tube )	Thin-wall heat exchange applications require high dimensional accuracy
ASME SB-161	Corresponding to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code of ASTM B161	Pressure vessels and pipelines must meet safety certification requirements
ASME SB-163	Corresponding to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code of ASTM B163	Pressure vessel heat exchange applications must meet safety certification requirements
DIN/EN 2.4066	European standard for material designation of Ni200	European market and project applications

Table 5: International standards applicable to Nickel 200 alloy pipes

Our company has a comprehensive quality management system that allows us to issue material certificates that comply with EN 10204 3.1 and work with customers to obtain certification from a third-party inspection agency ( 3.2 ) to ensure the global applicability and credibility of our products.

 

8.2 Customized Services for Customer Needs and Future Outlook

 

We fully understand that standard pipe specifications may not always meet the requirements of all demanding working conditions. Therefore, we provide highly customized manufacturing services and work closely with our customers to solve engineering problems:

1. Ultimate customization of dimensions and tolerances: We can manufacture tubing from micro-capillaries to large-diameter pipes, with various wall thicknesses and lengths, and tighten tolerances for specific projects to meet ultra-high-precision installation requirements.

2. Special Tempers: Based on the customer’s precise requirements for strength, hardness, and ductility, we provide a variety of tempers such as fully annealed ( Annealed ), lightly cold drawn ( Light Cold Drawn ), or heavily cold drawn ( Heavy Cold Drawn ) through customized heat treatment processes.

Future Outlook: With the energy transition and the development of green chemistry, the demand for high-purity, highly corrosion-resistant materials will only continue to grow. We will continue to invest in the long-term service performance of Nickel 200/201, weld metallurgy optimization, and ultra-precision tube manufacturing technology to ensure our products remain at the forefront of industrial materials technology.

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Chapter 9: Conclusion – Guarantee of Reliability and Purity

 

Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) alloy tubing has become an indispensable cornerstone material for several key industries, including chemical, electronics, food, and pharmaceuticals, due to its outstanding caustic corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent performance in cold working.

With our in-depth metallurgical knowledge, advanced precision manufacturing technology, and rigorous quality control system, we ensure that every meter of Nickel 200 tubing shipped fully meets or exceeds international standards. We promise to provide you with:

• Comprehensive product range: seamless and welded tubes in various sizes and tempers.

• Full traceability: Ensure that each batch of pipes has complete 3.1 / 3.2 certification documents.

• Professional technical support: Assist you in optimizing material selection and design to maximize the performance advantages of Nickel 200.

Nickel 200 tubing is more than just a metal product; it represents our unwavering commitment to industrial safety, productivity, and product purity. We look forward to partnering with you to advance industry.